jasmine and dawoud shia or sunni jasmine and dawoud shia or sunni

They do no discriminate between Men and Women or Hindus or Muslims, etc 4. In response, Abd al Aziz sent Wahhabi missionaries to the Eastern Province, but he did not carry through with attempts at forced conversion. "[223], In Nigeriathe most populous country in Africauntil recently almost all Muslims were Sunni. After the Mongols and the fall of the Abbasids, the Sunni Ulama suffered greatly. Monument commemorating the Battle of Chaldiran, which was fought between the Sunni Ottoman Empire and the Shia Safavid dynasty. Before Fame She has attended the University of Toronto. [84], According to some reports, as of mid-2013, the Syrian Civil War has become "overtly sectarian" with the "sectarian lines fall most sharply" between Alawites and Sunnis. The Arab Shia: The Forgotten Muslims, by Graham E. Fuller and Rend Rahim Francke. This spread of Shiism to the inner circles of the government enabled the Shia to withstand those who opposed them by relying upon the power of the caliphate. This decision was not a spontaneous one. Some Wahabi groups, often labeled as takfiri and sometimes linked to Al-Qaeda, have even advocated the persecution of the Shia as heretics. Theology intertwines with . According to Shia rights watch, in 2014 ISIS forces killed over 1,700 Shia civilians at Camp Speicher in Tikrit Iraq, and 670 Shia prisoners at the detention facility on the outskirts of Mosul. More important in the long run than these sects were the Sufi orders which spread in Persia at this time and aided in the preparing the ground for the Shiite movement of Safavids. Jasmine Fares is a Lebanese 25 year old, who currently lives in Toronto. Jasmine has 2 jobs listed on their profile. How much of the conflict was sparked by Sunni versus Shia divisions and how much by Islamism versus secular-Arab-nationalism, is in question, but according to scholar Vali Nasr the failure of the Ayatollah Khomeini and the Islamic Republic of Iran to support the Muslim Brotherhood against the Baathists "earned [Khomeini] the Brotherhood's lasting contempt." jasmine and dawoud shia or sunni Manzoor Nomani, a senior Indian cleric with close ties to Saudi Arabia published a book entitled Iranian Revolution: Imam Khomeini and Shiism. [108], While Shia make up roughly 10% of Saudi Arabia's population,[160] they form a large portion of the residents of the eastern province of Hasaby some estimates a majority[161]where much of the petroleum industry is based. Everglow Line Distribution; Atos Klinik Mnchen Putzbrunner Strae; Hoi4 Anarchist Spain How To Core Of course, it cannot be denied that Iran's environment was more favourable to the flourishing of the Shi'ism as compared to all other parts of the Muslim world. [137] One Shia Grand Ayatollah, Yousef Saanei, who has been described as a moderate, reacted to the 2005 suicide bombings of Shia targets in Iraq by saying the bombers were "wolves without pity" and that "sooner rather than later, Iran will have to put them down".[138]. However, Shia opposition to the government was brutally suppressed, resulting in some 50,000 to 100,000 casualties and successive repression by Saddam's forces. [133][134][135] According to the British television Channel 4, from 2005 through early 2006, commandos of the Ministry of the Interior which is controlled by the Badr Organization, and, who are almost exclusively Shia Muslimshave been implicated in rounding up and killing thousands of ordinary Sunni civilians. 0. jasmine and dawoud shia or sunni Devout women of the Shia traditionally wear black and yellow as do some Sunni women in the Persian Gulf. Although all Muslim groups consider the Quran to be divine, Sunni and Shia have different opinions on hadith. Of these some 5% are Shia, the rest are Sunni. [225][229][230] As of 2019, El-Zakzaky was still imprisoned. [169], Following the 1979 Iranian Revolution, Shia in Hasa ignored the ban on mourning ceremonies commemorating Ashura. [147] These Sunni groups have been involved in violent activities in Iran and have waged terrorist[148] attacks against civilian centers, including an attack next to a girls' school[149] according to government sources. Muhammad Khudabandah, the famous builder of Soltaniyeh, was among the first of the Mongols to convert to Shiaism, and his descendants ruled for many years in Persia and were instrumental in spreading Sh thought. colleen bready married June 1, 2022. hotel group in singapore. But . fajr on its own Dhuhr with Asr and Maghrib with Isha'), thus praying five times a day but with a very small break in between the prayer, instead of five prayers with some gap between them as required by Sunni schools of law. [192], Muslims in Yemen include the majority Shafi'i (Sunni) and the minority Zaidi (Shia). Shias were also persecuted during the Ba'ath Party rule, especially under Saddam Hussein. *SHE FREAKED OUT* 258,911 views 1 year ago Popular. Following the wake Shia mobs in Iraq attacked the Jordanian embassy on 20 March 2005. Although the founder of the Islamic Republic, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, supported good SunniShia relations, there have been complaints by Sunni of discrimination, particularly in important government positions. [128] An al-Qaeda-affiliated website posted a call for "a full-scale war on Shiites all over Iraq, whenever and wherever they are found. Part of 18 things about ISIS you need to know One of the single most important factors in ISIS's resurgence is the conflict between Iraq's largest two Arab religious groups: Shias and Sunnis. After the prophet Muhammad's death in 632 AD, the Sunni and Shiite split occurred. An episode of a satirical Saudi TV series highlighting mixed Sunni-Shia families has sparked wide debate about the issue on social media, writes the BBC's Nesrine Kamal. Article by Sayyid 'Ali ibn 'Ali al-Zaidi. According to a report by the Human Rights Watch: Shia Muslims, who constitute about eight percent of the Saudi population, faced discrimination in employment as well as limitations on religious practices. Not even a single terrorist group is run by them, excluding the one Run b. Jasmine went to Dawouds family restaurant with Dawouds sister and she caught Dawouds eye. [110] However, Sunni are split ethnically among Arabs, Kurds and Turkmen. [79] Shias are estimated to be 10-15% of the Muslim population in India and Pakistan and less than 1% of Muslim population in Bangladesh, although the total number is difficult to estimate due to the intermingling between the two groups and practice of taqiyya by Shia. [185][186] All this resulted despite the strong filial bonds, ties of commerce, and traditional friendship between the two neighboring countries. jasmine and dawoud shia or sunnialte rubel scheine umtauschen. Takfir motivation for many of these killings may come from Sunni insurgent leader Abu Musab al-Zarqawi. A mum blessed with 4 wonderful, super naughty children. Many Shias in the Levant were killed for their faith. jasmine and dawoud shia or sunni. [198], These latest measures come as the government faces a Sunni rebellion with a similar motivation to the Zaidi discontent. [146], Members of Sunni groups in Iran however have been active in what the authorities describe as terrorist activities. [225] Its network is similar to that of Hezbollah in Lebanon, with a focus on Iran, its Supreme Leader, and fighting America as the enemy of Islam. The battle took place in 680 CE and while it became one of the causes of the split between Shia and Sunni Muslims, it happened long before religious differences between Sunni and Shia. This campaign forced most of the Shiites to disperse, with some fleeing south to Jabal Amel and some to the Bekaa, while a very small portion of them took on the practice of Taqiyya until the Ottomans came in 1517. The change in. "[94], Even on this occasion there were differences, with Rafsanjani openly asking "more than once who started" the inter-Muslim killing in Iraq, and Al-Qaradawi denying claims by Rafsanjani that he knew where "those arriving to Iraq to blow Shii shrines up are coming from". The "shadowy Sunni militant group Jundallah" has reportedly been receiving weaponry from the United States for these attacks according to the semi-official Fars News Agency. Other Iraqi Shias are ethnic Arabs with roots in Iraq as deep as those of their Sunni counterparts.[58]. Thus a political split became a far more personal one, marked by blood feud, and a cause for further divergence. traditional elders and notables. The Sunni Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant movement claimed responsibility, issuing a statement saying: "Let the polytheist Houthis know that the soldiers of the Islamic State will not rest until we have uprooted them." (See 2007 Zahedan bombings for more information), Non-Sunni Iranian opposition parties, and Shia like Ayatollah Jalal Gangei have criticised the regime's treatment of Sunnis and confirmed many Sunni complaints. [141] As in other parts of the Muslim world, other issues may play a part in the conflict, since most Sunnis in Iran are also ethnic minorities. Saudi Clerics and Shia Islam, by Raihan Ismail, This page was last edited on 4 March 2023, at 08:39. During this period, the Shia in Iran were nourished from Kufa, Baghdad and later from Najaf and Al Hillah. Well for the gorgeous Jasmine Fares she decided against this and chose to not have the big day. [91] In addition, he designated the period of Prophet's Birthday celebrations from 12th to the 17th of Rabi Al-Awwal as the Islamic Unity Week, there being a gap in the dates of when Shiites and Sunnis celebrate Muhammad's birthday. [195] These protests were led by ex-parliament member and Imam, Bader Eddine al-Houthi. The British colonial rule ended after the Sunni and Shia united against it. Third, through the school of Hillah under the leadership of Al-Hilli and his son Fakhr al-Muhaqqiqin. Each year on the tenth day of Muharram, the first month of the Islamic calendar, Shi'a the world over commemorate the beheading of Husayn through plays and processions and by pounding their bare backs in mournful tribute to the severed head of their beloved imam. She is also an influencer on Instagram with a following of 269k. Neighboring Iran is home to the world's largest Shia population: Between 90% and 95% of Iranian Muslims (66-70 million people) were Shias in 2009, according to our estimate from that year. Before his death Zarqawi was one to quote Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, especially his infamous statement urging followers to kill the Shia of Iraq,[127] and calling the Shias "snakes". [96] "Where Iranian revolutionaries saw Islamic revolutionary stirrings, Sunnis saw mostly Shia mischief and a threat to Sunni predominance. They are literate. The two communities have often remained separate, mingling regularly only during the Hajj pilgrimage in Mecca. Saddam's invasion of Iran in 1980 was billed as an Arab war against Persians - and was bankrolled by the Arab and Sunni Gulf states. Not too long after they began getting to know each other. In 2003, when Saddam was overthrown, Iraqi Shia celebrated. Sunnis focus on following the Prophet's example whereas Shi'a focus on the lineage of Muhammad's family through a series of Imams. Shafi'i Sunnism was the dominant form of Islam in most of Iran until rise of the Safavid Empire although a significant undercurrent of Ismailism and a very large minority of Twelvers were present all over Persia. According to Morteza Motahhari:[59]. The Buyids, who were Zaidi and had a significant influence not only in the provinces of Persia but also in the capital of the caliphate in Baghdad, and even upon the caliph himself, provided a unique opportunity for the spread and diffusion of Shia thought. The kings of the Kara Koyunlu dynasty ruled in Tabriz with a domain extending to Fars and Kerman. But the estimates are that they are about 5 to 10 percent of the Muslim world, which puts them somewhere between 50 and 70 million people.. Iran has been a Shia country since the 16th century. Mass demonstrations have been held in favor of full-fledged democracy in March and June 2005, against an alleged insult to Ayatollah Khamenei in July 2005.[205]. [220] Some of the slaughter was indiscriminate, but many were Shia targeted by the Taliban. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Jasmine & Dawoud 531K subscribers Hi everyone! Shia in India faced persecution by some Sunni rulers and Mughal Emperors which resulted in the killings of Shia scholars like Qazi Nurullah Shustari[77] (also known as Shaheed-e-Thaalis, the third Martyr) and Mirza Muhammad Kamil Dehlavi[78] (also known as Shaheed-e- Rabay, the fourth Martyr) who are two of the five martyrs of Shia Islam. is the fiec part of the evangelical alliance; townhomes in avalon park; 8 ft windmill parts; why is my cash and sweep vehicle negative; nordstrom rack return policy worn shoes Jasmine & Dawoud (@jasmineanddawoud) on TikTok | 32M Likes. [199][200][201], A March 2015 suicide bombing of two mosques (used mainly by supporters of the Zaidi Shia-led Houthi rebel movement), in the Yemeni capital of Sanaa, killed at least 137 people and wounded 300. [104][105][106] Thus, although the Iranian revolution's leader, Ayatollah Khomeini, was very much in favor of ShiaSunni unity, and "the leadership position that went with it",[107] his revolution worked against it. The groups demand the expulsion of all Shias from Pakistan and have killed hundreds of Pakistani Shias between 1996 and 1999. Balochistan People's Front, "Zahedan bombings intended to foment Sunni-Shia conflict: governor", "No casualties in renewed bombing in south-east Iran 02/16/07", "UNSC condemns terrorist act in Iran's Zahedan", Ahmadinejad sheds crocodile tears for Sunnis in Iran, "Shi'ite supremacists emerge from Iran's shadows", "Mullahs Increase Persecution of Sunni Muslims in Iran", Blasts target Iraq's Shia Muslims on the eve of Ashura, Latest Iraq blast targets Shia mosque, September 16, 2005, Four days after al-Qaeda in Iraq declared all-out war on the Shiite majority, more than 250 people have been killed, "Bombs kill 42 outside mosques in Lebanon's Tripoli", "Al Qaeda: Hezbollah To Blame For Lebanon Bombings That Killed Dozens In Tripoli", "Car bomb kills 20 in Hezbollah's Beirut stronghold", "Pilgrimage to Karbala Sunni and Shia: The Worlds of Islam", "Egypt's Shiite Minority: Between the Egyptian Hammer and the Iranian Anvil", "Egypt: Attack On Shia Comes At Dangerous Time", "Egypt mob attack kills four Shia Muslims near Cairo", "Egypt: Lynching of Shia Follows Months of Hate Speech", Yemeni President: al-Houthi is an ill man, mentally abnormal, The Rule of Law Sidelined in the Name of Security, "Yemen crisis: Islamic State claims Sanaa mosque attacks", "Shiite-Sunni conflict rises in Pakistan", "Pakistan: Rampant Killings of Shia by Extremists", "With Iran-Backed Conversions, Shiites Gain Ground in Africa", "As Trump Makes Threats, Iran Makes Friends", "Nigerian Muslims: We love Imam Khamenei, we fight to death for Iran", "Mass graves for '300 Shia Nigerians' in Zaria", "Zaria Massacre: Army deliberately targets reproductive organs of IMN's women; They shouted 'there will never be Shia in Nigeria', "Indonesia Shia group accuse extremist Sunni leaders of violating constitution", "Attacks Planned Against Indonesia's Shia Community, Govt Says", "Shia Ideologies In Malaysia Being Wary Of Its Threats", "Annals of National Security: The Redirection", "Supporting Bahraini Apartheid Is Not in America's Interest", "Sectarian tensions underlying conflict in Syria erupt in Sydney and Melbourne", "Syria's Civil War Spills Over in Sydney", "Sectarian tensions running high, say Australian Muslim leaders", "Islamic State grooming Aussie teens as young as 14 for terror army online", "Kurds accused of "ethnic cleansing" by Syria rebels", "Islamic State-controlled parts of Syria, Iraq largely out of reach: Red Cross", "Pakistan Taliban splinter group vows allegiance to Islamic State", "ISIS Now Has a Network of Military Affiliates in 11 Countries Around the World", "ISIS Crimes against Humanity For Immediate release", "Questions Rebels Use to Tell Sunni From Shiite", "Iraq conflict: Shia cleric Sistani issues call to arms", "The war against jihadists. In 1959, al-Azhar University in Cairo, the most influential center of Sunni learning, authorized the teaching of courses of Shia jurisprudence as part of its curriculum. [208] There have also been conflagrations in the provinces of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Balochistan and Azad Kashmir,[208] with several hundreds of Shia Hazara killed in Balochistan killed since 2008.[209]. Another example is hadith narrated by Abu Hurairah, who is considered by Shias as an enemy of Ali. On her account, she can be seen sporting clothing, makeup and accessories from companies like Hijabi Mama, The Date Palm and Culture. Your email address will not be published. A Misyar marriage differs from a conventional Islamic marriage in that the man does not have financial responsibility of the woman by her own free will. [235], Malaysia claims to be a tolerant Islamic state, however since 2010 it has banned the preaching of Shia Islam, with a "particular ferocity"[236] and warns against Shiism with its, "evil and blasphemous beliefs". The divide. [138], Another reflection of grassroots Wahhabi or Saudi antipathy to Shia was a statement by Saudi cleric Nasir al-Umar, who accused Iraqi Shias of close ties to the United States and argued that both were enemies of Muslims everywhere.[176]. View Jasmine Fares' profile on LinkedIn, the world's largest professional community. [64], On 21 April 1802, about 12,000 Wahhabi Sunnis under the command of Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad, the second ruler of the First Saudi State attacked and sacked Karbala, killed between 2,000 and 5,000 inhabitants and plundered the tomb of Husayn ibn Ali, grandson of Prophet Muhammad and son of Ali ibn Abi Talib,[71]:74 and destroyed its dome, seizing a large quantity of spoils, including gold, Persian carpets, money, pearls, and guns that had accumulated in the tomb, most of them donations. In this paper, we use young Canadian Muslims' lived experience of multiculturalism to reflect on this debate. As-Saffah assumed both the temporal and religious mantle of Caliph himself. Washington, DC: National Geographic 2008, "Hijab, The Muslim Womens Dress, Islamic or Cultural? Roughly forty years later the state was revived in Gilan (north-western Iran) and survived under Hasanid leaders until 1126. [225] Many of the converted are poor Muslims. [108] In Yemen, Houthi rebels have expanded their territory south of Saudi Arabia, and become the country's "dominant power". [87], At least one scholar sees the period from the collapse of the Ottoman Empire through the decline of Arab nationalism as a time of relative unity and harmony between traditionalist Sunni and Shia Muslimsunity brought on by a feeling of being under siege from a common threat, secularism, first of the European colonial variety and then Arab nationalist. She did her honours bachelor in science and later realised that this career path was not for her. An estimated 10,000 to 40,000 Syrians, mostly civilians, were killed by Syrian military in the city. Recent tensions in the Middle East and Asia have been interpreted in some sections of the media as religious conflict between Sunnis and Shias. Some of the Ismailis whose power had been broken by the Mongols, went underground and appeared later within Sufi orders or as new branches of already existing orders. [53] (However, Abbasid persecution of Islamic scholars was not restricted to the Shia. Faro particip en la Semana de la Innovacin 24 julio, 2019. Until recently ShiaSunni relations have been cordial, and a majority of people of both sects participated in the creation the state of Pakistan in the 1940s. In recent years, SunniShia relations have been increasingly marked by conflict,[15] particularly the IranSaudi Arabia proxy conflict. BBC Teach > Secondary Resources > KS3 Religious Studies / GCSE Religious Studies. The Majority of Saudi Shia belong to the sect of the Twelvers. [136], The violence shows little sign of getting opposite sides to back down. Twelvers believe that Mutah was permitted until Umar forbade it during his rule. Mainstream Shia and Sunni women wear the hijab differently. This central position was transferred to Iran during the Safavid era for two-and-a-half centuries, after which it partly returned to Najaf. Tens of thousands of Iranians and Arabs of Iranian origin were expelled in 1979 and 1980 and a further 75,000 in 1989.[117]. Trivia According to scholar Vali Nasr, as the Muslim world was decolonialised and Arab nationalism lost its appeal, fundamentalism blossomed and reasserted the differences and conflicts between the two movements, particularly in the strict teachings of Sunni scholar Ibn Taymiyyah. Intercommunal violence resurfaced in 193536 and again in 1939 when many thousands of Sunni and Shias defied the ban on public demonstrations and took to the streets. Anger against the United States was also fueled by the humiliating disbandment of the Iraqi army and the de-Baathification law, which was first introduced as a provision and then turned into a permanent article of the constitution.[97]. The US-led invasion also tilted the regional balance of power decisively" in favor of Shia Iran, alarming Sunni and leading to talk of a Shia Crescent. [225], Shia Muslims protest that they have been persecuted by the Nigerian government. [153] Polemics critical of Sunnis were reportedly being produced in Arabic for dissemination in the Arab Muslim world by Hojjatieh-aligned elements in the Iranian regime. She did her honours bachelor in science and later realised that this career path was not for her. Shia are sometimes recognizable by their names, which are often derived from the names of Ahl al-Bayt. [14][231], The majority adheres to the Sunni Muslim tradition mainly of the Shafi'i madhhab. ShiaSunni conflict in Yemen involves the Shia insurgency in northern Yemen.[17]. In many parts of the world, Sunni and Shia Muslims are locked in bloody conflicts. Both groups (especially in Iraq and Pakistan) saw Shia as the enemy. [39][40][41][42][43], Twelver Shia as the main branch of Shia Islam[44][45] permit Nikah mutah[46][47]fixed-term temporary marriagewhich is not acceptable within the Sunni community, the Ismaili Shia or the Zaidi Shia and is believed a planned and agreed fornication. Muslims who wanted to select his successor, or Caliph, by following the traditional Arab custom (Sunna) formed into a group known as Sunnis. She did her honours bachelor in science and later realised that this career path was not for her. Geographically, the Sunni/Shia picture differs across the Middle East and the rest of the world (see graphic, above). [29], Shias are about 5-to-10 percent of the entire Muslim world. FamousBirthdays.com - use subject to the practices disclosed in our privacy policy. Second through the pupils of Sabzevar, and especially those of Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid, who were from Rey and Sabzawar and resided in those cities. Nafeez Ahmed cites a 2008 RAND Corporation study for the American military which recommended "divide and rule" as a possible strategy against the Muslim world in "the Long War." This is considered to be the defining event in Shia history. How do you pray? "Today, Azerbaijan is probably the only country where there are still mixed mosques and Shia and Sunnis pray together. In 1998 more than 8,000 noncombatants were killed when the Taliban attacked Mazar-i-Sharif and Bamiyan where many Hazaras live. In the 1980s, Ibrahim El-Zakzakya Nigerian admirer of the Iranian Revolution who lived in Iran for some years and converted to Shia Islamestablished the Islamic Movement of Nigeria. Iran is unique in the Muslim world because its population is overwhelmingly more Shia than Sunni (Shia constitute 95% of the population) and because its constitution is theocratic republic based on rule by a Shia jurist. [241], In Europe Shia-Sunni acrimony is part of life for tens of millions of European Muslims. For centuries, there were only occasional instances where religious intolerance on both sides led to conflict. Taliban commander and governor Mullah Niazi banned prayer at Shia mosques[221] and expressed takfir of the Shia in a declaration from Mazar's central mosque: Last year you rebelled against us and killed us. Since the 2003 invasion of Iraq removed Saddam Hussein from power and instituted elected government, the Shia majority has dominated the parliament and its prime ministers have been Shia. SunniShia clashes also occurred occasionally in the 20th century in India. 2cv lackieren kosten; ; difference between exploratory and conclusive research; kierdorfinkasso mobile ", "Islam and Iran: A Historical Study of Mutual Services Part 2", "Four Centuries of Influence of Iraqi Shiism on Pre-Safavid Iran", "A Study of the Migration of Shi'i Works from Arab Regions to Iran at the Early Safavid Era. But the similarity is superficial. For Shias, Ashura is a day of mourning which commemorates the martyrdom of the Imam al-Husayn. [64], Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi was another eminent scholar, killed in Aleppo on charges of cultivating Batini teachings and philosophy. Many Sunnis hotly dispute their minority status, including ex-Iraqi Ambassador Faruq Ziada,[citation needed] and many believe Shia majority is "a myth spread by America". On the other side Shia from Hezbollah in Lebanon and from Asaib Ahl al-Haq and Kata'ib Hezbollah militias from Iraq have backed the Syrian government. The Shia constitute around 20% of Kuwait,[26][27] 45% of the Muslim population in Lebanon, 10% of Saudi Arabia,[27][28] 12% of Syria, and 10% of Pakistan. The writers of the Shia Four Books were Iranian, as were many other scholars. [95] The Iranian Islamic revolution changed the ShiaSunni power equation in Muslim countries "from Lebanon to India" arousing the traditionally subservient Shia to the alarm of traditionally dominant and very non-revolutionary Sunni. Ab anfa, for example, was imprisoned by al-Mansur and tortured. Also potentially, there are as many Shias in India as there are in Iraq.[31][32][33]. On the other hand, the Ismaili dawah ("missionary institution") sent missionaries (dut, sg. Around 10% of Afghanistan, less than 5% of the Muslims in Nigeria, and around 5% of population of Tajikistan are Shia. [16] Despite the fact that Pakistan is a Sunni majority country, Shias have been elected to top offices and played an important part in the country's politics. Balochi Sunni Abdolmalek Rigi continue to declare the Shia as Kafir and Mushrik. She made a TikTok withOmaya Zeinin March 2022. Your email address will not be published. [118] The governing regimes of Iraq were composed mainly of Sunnis for nearly a century until the 2003 Iraq War. The main difference between Sunnis and Shias lies in their interpretation of the rightful succession of leadership after the death of the prophet Muhammad. Today, there are differences in religious practice, traditions, and customs, often related to jurisprudence. Since the late 20th Century, complex political problems have been turned into sectarian issues by the parties involved, particularly in parts of the Middle East and Asia. In addition to the account of Nasir Khusraw who visited Jerusalem in the year 1045 AD and reported: "The population of Jerusalem is about 20,000, the populace being mostly Shi'a Muslims". diensthost wpnuserservice. [253], After the collapse of the Iraqi army and capture of the city of Mosul by ISIS in June 2014, the "most senior"[254] Shia spiritual leader based in Iraq, the Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, who had been known as "pacifist" in his attitudes, issued a fatwa calling for jihad against ISIS and its Sunni allies, which was seen by the Shia militias as a "de facto legalization of the militias advance". [30] It is the largest Shia country, with a population of about 83 million. The Sunnis became more of a secular and conservative group, whereas the Shiites remained more traditional and orthodox. [226] According to a former U.S. State Department specialist on Nigeria, Matthew Page, the Islamic Movement receives "about $10,000 a month" in Iranian funding.