which software was the first available for microcomputers quizlet which software was the first available for microcomputers quizlet

The Nova line of computers continued through the 1970s, and influenced later systems like the Xerox Alto and Apple 1. What type of online learning is used the least in K-12 educational contexts? Also known inside IBM as the Defense Calculator," the 701 rented for $15,000 a month. Intended to be a less expensive alternative to the PET, the VIC-20 was highly successful, becoming the first computer to sell more than a million units. The 2200 used a built-in CRT, cassette tape for storage, and ran the programming language BASIC. [2] Its Williams-Kilburn tube memory system was later adopted by several other early computer systems around the world. Franklin was able to undercut Apple's pricing even while offering some features not available on the original. That goes back thousands of years, of course, and you can guess how they did it. As Apples first new product under the leadership of a returning Steve Jobs, many consider this the most significant step in Apple's return from near-bankruptcy in the middle 1990s. Apple's Macintosh Portable meets with little success in the marketplace and leads to a complete redesign of Apple's line of portable computers. refers to symbols that represent fast objects and ideas. VisiCalc was released in 1979 and quickly became a must-have tool for business users. Its price was especially attractive as the computer included very useful productivity software worth about $1,500 alone. Under the direction of engineer Dr. Paul Friedl, the Special Computer APL Machine Portable (SCAMP) personal computer prototype is developed at IBM's Los Gatos and Palo Alto, California laboratories. The handwriting recognition software was much maligned for inaccuracy. The Baby was built to test a new memory technology developed by Williams and Kilburn -- soon known as the Williams Tube which was the first high-speed electronic random access memory for computers. Called the Model K Adder because he built it on his Kitchen table, this simple demonstration circuit provides proof of concept for applying Boolean logic to the design of computers, resulting in construction of the relay-based Model I Complex Calculator in 1939. Univac computers were used in many different applications but utilities, insurance companies and the US military were major customers. The first VAIO, a desktop computer, featured an additional 3D interface on top of the Windows 95 operating system as a way of attracting new users. central processing unit (cpu) computers brain. Demand called for more than 12,000 of the 1401 computers, and the machines success made a strong case for using general-purpose computers rather than specialized systems. The company was incorporated by three 26-year-old Stanford alumni: Bechtolsheim, Vinod Khosla and Scott McNealy. After the war, Herzstarks Curta made history as the smallest all-mechanical, four-function calculator ever built. High packaging density of integrated circuits and a novel Freon cooling system also contributed to its speed. Marketed as a fast, extremely accurate electronic slide rule with a solid-state memory similar to that of a computer, the HP-35 distinguished itself from its competitors by its ability to perform a broad variety of logarithmic and trigonometric functions, to store more intermediate solutions for later use, and to accept and display entries in a form similar to standard scientific notation. Although manufactured by Remington Rand, the machine was often mistakenly referred to as the IBM Univac." After retiring their initial Visor series of PDAs, Handspring introduced the Treo line of smartphones, designed with built-in keyboards, cameras, and the Palm operating system. SSEC goes on display IBM Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC) One of Britain's leading computer companies, Acorn continued the Archimedes line, which grew to nearly twenty different models, into the 1990s. Minuteman missiles use transistorized computers to continuously calculate their position in flight. An offshoot of the POWER XCell8i chip was used as the main processor in the Sony PlayStation 3 game console. Xerox PARC physicist Gary Starkweather realizes in 1967 that exposing a copy machines light-sensitive drum to a paper original isnt the only way to create an image. The air defense system used two AN/FSQ-7 computers, each of which used a full megawatt of power to drive its 55,000 vacuum tubes, 175,000 diodes and 13,000 transistors. Truong, founder and president of the French company R2E, created the Micral as a replacement for minicomputers in situations that did not require high performance, such as process control and highway toll collection. If a student is creating within Minecraft or Sims, what type of computer programming products are they designing and making? B. Spreadsheet This is likely the first example of remote access computing. Daniel Hillis of Thinking Machines Corporation moves artificial intelligence a step forward when he develops the controversial concept of massive parallelism in the Connection Machine CM-1. The PC Jr. is marketed as a home computer but is too expensive and limited in performance to compete with many of the other machines in that market. Let us call it Simon, because of its predecessor, Simple Simon Simon is so simple and so small in fact that it could be built to fill up less space than a grocery-store box; about four cubic feet.. That means if you want to get started collecting microcomputers, knowing which system to go for first can be overwhelming. SABRE is a joint project between American Airlines and IBM. Atari's 8-bit computers were influential in the arts, especially in the emerging DemoScene culture of the 1980s and '90s. Answers: Convert data into an electronic machine-readable form for direct entry into a computer system. The Earth Simulator was listed as the fastest supercomputer in the world from 2002 to 2004. Constructed at MITs Lincoln Laboratory, the TX-0 moved to the MIT Research Laboratory of Electronics, where it hosted some early imaginative tests of programming, including writing a Western movie shown on television, 3-D tic-tac-toe, and a maze in which a mouse found martinis and became increasingly inebriated. In his book Giant Brains, Berkeley noted - We shall now consider how we can design a very simple machine that will think. With an order for 50 assembled systems from Mountain View, California computer store The Byte Shop in hand, the pair started a new company, naming it Apple Computer, Inc. Astronauts communicated with the computer by punching two-digit codes into the display and keyboard unit (DSKY). Many companies have attempted to release electronic reading systems dating back to the early 1990s. IBMs initial investment of $5 billion was quickly returned as orders for the system climbed to 1,000 per month within two years. The machines existence was not made public until the 1970s. The 1101, designed by ERA but built by Remington-Rand, was intended for high-speed computing and stored 1 million bits on its magnetic drum, one of the earliest magnetic storage devices and a technology which ERA had done much to perfect in its own laboratories. One of the first commercially produced computers, the companys first customer was the US Navy. IBMs 7000 series of mainframe computers are the companys first to use transistors. The architecture that allowed Windows and IBM OS/2 has remained in subsequent chips. Designed by Sunnyvale, California native Steve Wozniak, and marketed by his friend Steve Jobs, the Apple-1 is a single-board computer for hobbyists. It was one of the first commercially available relational database management systems for microcomputers. The machine was noted for its ease-of-use and included a 'manual' that contained only a few pictures and less than 20 words. During three years of production, IBM sells 19 701s to research laboratories, aircraft companies, and the federal government. Stibitz stunned the group by performing calculations remotely on the CNC (located in New York City) using a Teletype terminal connected to New York over special telephone lines. Windows NT was a version of Windows that included a graphical interface on top of a DOS kernel. The machine was expandable, with ports for cassette storage, serial interface and rudimentary networking. Linux, NetWare, UNIX, Windows. The Arduino used a Java-based integrated development environment and users could access a library of programs, called Wiring, that allowed for simplified programming. Based on the Intel 8008 microprocessor, the Micral is one of the earliest commercial, non-kit personal computers. David Packard and Bill Hewlett found their company in a Palo Alto, California garage. In 1984, Michael Dell creates PC's Limited while still a student of the University of Texas at Austin. Only about thirty NEACs were sold. Its task was to detect incoming Soviet bombers and direct interceptor aircraft to destroy them. Term. He is the creator of the first consumer flight simulator software. The mill is still in use today as an office park (Clock Tower Place) today. With a screen resolution of up to 400 pixels-per-inch (PPI), Retina displays approached the limit of pixel visibility to the human eye. Which of the following has research shown to be a benefit of online learning? Leaving Palm Inc., Ed Colligan, Donna Dubinsky, and Jeff Hawkins found Handspring. The TI99/4 had a wide variety of expansion boards, with an especially popular speech synthesis system that could also be used with TI's Speak & Spell educational game. Based on Charles Babbage's second design for a mechanical calculating engine, a team at the Science Museum in London sets out to prove that the design would have worked as planned. This keyboard design was dubbed the Butterfly. The need for such a design was lessened as laptop screens grew wider. The first IBM PC, formally known as the IBM Model 5150, was based on a 4.77 MHz Intel 8088 microprocessor and used Microsofts MS-DOS operating system. The laser printer was used with PARCs Alto computer, and was commercialized as the Xerox 9700. A computer could write it with a laser instead. spreadsheet program What productivity activity does infographic software best support? A large amount of software was created for the BBC Micro, including educational, productivity, and game programs. answer choices 20 pin P1 connector 8 pin auxiliary connector 24+4 pin P1 connector The Altair 8800, produced by Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS) and invented by Ed Roberts, was originally sold as a kit. System control was provided through the Atlas Supervisor, which some consider to be the first true operating system. The PROMs What made the Sacramento State computer both so unique--and so expensive--was the programmable read-only memory on its motherboard. Compaq's success launched a market for IBM-compatible computers that by 1996 had achieved an 83-percent share of the personal computer market. Sun Microsystems grows out of this prototype. The PET was popular with schools and for use as a home computer. Over 30 were completed, including one delivered to Australia. Joe Thompson at Whirlwind console, ca. In 1987, the year after Microsoft went public, 31-year-old Gates became the world's youngest billionaire. MITS co-founder Ed Roberts invented the Altair 8800 which sold for $297, or $395 with a case and coined the term personal computer. Performing far better than the company projections of 3,000 units for the first year, in the first month after its release Tandy Radio Shacks first desktop computer the TRS-80 sells 10,000 units. The most ambitious massively parallel computer at the time, the ILLIAC IV was plagued with design and production problems. Reaching 32 gigaflops (32 billion floating point operations per second), Intels Touchstone Delta has 512 processors operating independently, arranged in a two-dimensional communications mesh. Caltech researchers used this supercomputer prototype for projects such as real-time processing of satellite images, and for simulating molecular models in AIDS research. The electronic circuits (registers) of the arithmetic- logic unit perform both the arithmetic and logic functions needed for the software instructions to be executed. It offered increased performance and storage capacity over the original IBM PC and sold for about $4,000. Dollars. false. Intel introduced the 8086 in June 1978. The most popular operating system for small microcomputers in the late 1970s was CP/M, written by Gary Kildall in about 1974 and marketed by the company he started, Digital Research, Inc. IBM visited Digital Research in August 1980 - some say at the suggestion of Bill Gates - to investigate using "CP/M-86, their upcoming version for . This object-oriented multitasking operating system was groundbreaking in its ability to foster rapid development of software applications. The Motorola 68000 microprocessor exhibited a processing speed far greater than its contemporaries. The 501 is built on a 'building block' concept which allows it to be highly flexible for many different uses and could simultaneously control up to 63 tape drivesvery useful for large databases of information. Apple introduces the Macintosh with a television commercial during the 1984 Super Bowl, which plays on the theme of totalitarianism in George Orwells book 1984. Wi-Fi Arduino soon became the main computer platform of the worldwide Maker movement. . It was a commercial computer based on a microprocessor, the Intel 8008. Five times faster than its predecessor, the 8008, the Intel 8080 could address four times as many bytes for a total of 64 kilobytes. Incorporating a version of Apple's iOS operating system, as well as sensors for environmental and health monitoring, the Apple Watch was designed to be incorporated into the Apple environment with compatibility with iPhones and Mac Books. Walt Disney Pictures ordered eight of the 200B model to test recording equipment and speaker systems for the 12 specially equipped theatres that showed the movie Fantasia in 1940. mainframe computer. Combined with an enhanced bus interface unit, the microprocessor doubled the performance of the 386 without increasing the clock rate. The 386 chip brought with it the introduction of a 32-bit architecture, a significant improvement over the 16-bit architecture of previous microprocessors. It was used to model the decay of the US nuclear arsenal, analyze financial data, and render 3D medical images in real-time. Colligan, Dubinsky, Hawkins (left to right). The Jaguar was used to study climate science, seismology, and astrophysics applications. That same year in Germany, engineer Konrad Zuse built his Z2 computer, also using telephone company relays. It was sold exclusively in Japan, but could process alphabetic and Japanese kana characters. DSKY interface for the Apollo Guidance Computer. The roots of the companys name came from the acronym for Stanford University Network (SUN). It was also one of the first computers to use all-diode logic, a technology more reliable than vacuum tubes. The EDSAC project was led by Cambridge professor and director of the Cambridge Computation Laboratory, Maurice Wilkes. At the top of the line was the Model 7030, also known as "Stretch." Apples inspiration for the Lisa and Macintosh computers came from the Xerox Alto. The Amiga sold for $1,295 (without monitor) and had audio and video capabilities beyond those found in most other personal computers. The Moore School Building at the University of Pennsylvania. More than one hundred Paragons were installed over the lifetime of the system, each costing as much as five million dollars. Ed de Castro, its main designer and co-founder of Data General, had earlier led the team that created the DEC PDP-8. Back in the 80s and 90s, the home computing revolution led to a huge number of microcomputers hitting the market across the world. Instruction for which all students "meet" with the instructor by video at a designated time of day would be an example of this kind of distance course. Mark-8 featured on Radio-Electronics July 1974 cover. Lisa is the first commercial personal computer with a graphical user interface (GUI). Which of the following is not one of the kinds of interaction that Moore said characterized online courses? It was widely used in DEC's workstations and servers, as well as several supercomputers like the Chinese Sunway Blue Light system, and the Swiss Gigabooster. Intel and Zilog introduced new microprocessors. Xerox wasnt interested. The Apple Mac computer running the Mac OS System 1 was the first commercially available computer with a graphical user interface. microprocessor/ processor. Used for science and engineering as well as simple data processing, the LGP-30 was a bargain at less than $50,000 and an early example of a personal computer, that is, a computer made for a single user. Apps, games, and accessories helped spur the popularity of the iPad and led to its adoption in thousands of different applications from movie making, creating art, making music, inventory control and point-of-sale systems, to name but a few. An ecologist, for example, could sprinkle thousands of motes from the air onto a field and measure soil and air temperature, moisture, and sunlight, giving them accurate real-time data about the environment. Tailored for online transaction processing, the Tandem-16 is one of the first commercial fault-tolerant computers. IBM Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC). Federico Faggin led the design and Ted Hoff led the architecture. The Relay Interpolator used 440 relays, and since it was programmable by paper tape, was used for other applications following the war. System/360 was aimed at both business and scientific customers and all models could run the same software, largely without modification. Computer Science. 1951. Conceived by Harvard physics professor Howard Aiken, and designed and built by IBM, the Harvard Mark 1 is a room-sized, relay-based calculator. There is an inconsistency between states in the classification of ELL students. Select the power connector that is specified by the ATX Version 2.2 standard, which allows more power to the motherboard for PCI Express (PCIe) devices. H. Edward Roberts, the Florida-born former U.S. Air Force officer who headed MITS, decided to design a small, affordable computer around the Intel 8080. In 2012, Apple introduced the Retina display for the MacBook Pro laptop and iPad tablet. By the early 1990s, Dell became one of the leading computer retailers. Operators directed actions by touching a light gun to the SAGE airspace display. Designed by engineer Gardner Hendrie for Computer Control Corporation (CCC), the DDP-116 is announced at the 1965 Spring Joint Computer Conference. Throughout the 1960s and 70s, the ASR-33 was a popular and inexpensive choice of input and output device for minicomputers and many of the first generation of microcomputers. ducing microcomputers to small and medium-sized transit operating agen-cies. Motes are also known as smart dust, since the intention is that their tiny size and low cost make them inexpensive enough to sprinkle in the real world to as sensors. A series of pulleys transported continuous rolls of punched paper tape containing possible solutions to a particular code. The Apple Newton Personal Digital Assistant. Which is an acknowledged benefit of software with drill and practice functions? A (n) _____ is a computer that controls access to the hardware and software on a network and provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information. 40,000 were sold, including 10 to NASA for use on the Apollo space project. Be, founded by former Apple executive Jean Louis Gasse and a number of former Apple, NeXT and SUN employees, releases their only product the BeBox. 0.5 out of 0.5 points. The first of several personal computers released in 1977, the PET comes fully assembled with either 4 or 8 KB of memory, a built-in cassette tape drive, and a membrane keyboard. It used 53 vacuum tubes and hundreds of germanium diodes, with a magnetic drum for memory. The 1973 Wang 2200 makes it a successful computer company, too. Initially, Franklin won a court victory allowing them to continue cloning the machines, but in 1988, Apple won a copyright lawsuit against Franklin, forcing them to stop making Apple II clones.. The line was discontinued less than two years later. The first generation of Palm-produced devices, the Palm 1000 and 5000, are based around a Motorola microprocessor running at 16MHz, and uses a special gestural input language called Graffiti, which is quick to learn and fast.