An estimated 85 percent of the population are engaged in agricultural production. The chicken business also shows promising opportunities. During the rainy seasons, water and grass are generally plentiful, but with the onset of the dry season, forage is generally insufficient to keep animals nourished and able to resist disease. The principal grains in Ethiopia are Teff, Wheat, Barley, Corn, Sorghum, and Millet. However, information is lacking in Wolaita, Southern Ethiopia. As with many equatorial countries, the sun dictates time in Ethiopia. Yet, information regarding its extent, distribution, causes, and lime requirement at a scale relevant to subsistence farming systems is still lacking. Ethiopia follows the Julian calendar consisting of 12 months of 30 days each and a 13th month of 5 or 6 days. The UN Joint Programme focused on Rural Women's Economic Empowerment (UNJP-RWEE) was launched in Ethiopia in 2014 by UN Women, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO), the World Food Programme (WFP), and the International Fund for Agriculture Development (IFAD). processed food, beverages, and livestock products meat, milk, and eggs), as well as the textile/apparel and leather industries. By 1976 coffee exports had recovered, and in the five years ending in 198889, 44% of the coffee grown was exported, accounting for about 63% of the value of exports. Second, because peasants faced food shortages, they gave priority to cereal staples to sustain themselves. With 22% of children aged 5 to 14 working in the informal sector, the Department reported that "government efforts to address child labor have not sufficiently targeted sectors with a high incidence of child labor",[28] and cattle herding still figures among the goods listed in the DOL's List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor published in December 2014. The soils of the Great Rift Valley often are conducive to agriculture if water is available for irrigation. What are the main characteristic of Ethiopian agriculture activities It is cultivated principally by the Gurage, Sidama, and several other ethnic groups in the region. Exports are almost entirely agricultural commodities, and coffee is the largest foreign exchange earner. With the support of the IMF, the Ethiopian government has developed an ambitious Homegrown Economic Reform Planto propel the countrys economic progress. The economic plan prescribes the following comprehensive measures to overcome the challenges facing the agricultural sector: Enhance productivity of small-holder farmers and pastoralists through provision of modern inputs and services; Develop a legal framework that will allow farmers to lease land and to become shareholders in large commercial farms; Modernize livestock production through improving veterinary infrastructure, research and innovation, and establishing linkages with other industries; Establish effective linkages between agriculture producers and commodity markets as well as the commercial value chain; Encourage private sector investment in agricultural R&D and exploring PPPs to expand medium and large-scale irrigation infrastructure; and. Social and ecological system dynamics : characteristics, trends, and State farms sold their output to the AMC. Local demand for meat, milk and eggs is growing as the economy and population grow. In the future, the government intends to work with the private sector to develop capacity to process some of these commodities, like fruits and vegetables, in order to add value and capture higher export prices. Explain The Main Contribution, Potentials, Characteristics, and In addition to cattle, small ruminants (goats and sheep) and beasts of burden (donkey, horse, mule) are not uncommon in this farming system. There are opportunities to process livestock products for both local and export markets. In Ethiopia, agriculture is started during the Neolithic revolution era, ten thousand years ago. Contribution of Agriculture in The Ethiopian Economy: a Time-varying For the foreseeable future, the demand for cotton is expected to outstrip local supplies, making imports necessary. in addition to these cereals, they produce different types of fruits and coffee which are not seasonal. A 1979 study showed that around Addis Ababa individual holdings ranged from 1.0 to 1.6 hectares and that about 48 percent of the parcels were less than one-fourth of a hectare in size. Agriculture is the backbone of the economy of the country as the following facts indicate. PDF SMALL FAMILY FARMS COUNTRY FACTSHEET thiopia - Food and Agriculture Agriculture as a producer of positive externalities and public goods 2 2.4. For instance, the 198485 official procurement price for 100 kilograms of teff was 42 birr at the farm level and 60 birr when the AMC purchased it from wholesalers. Agro-processed products, such as chicken, cheese, butter, eggs, biscuits, bread, juice, etc. The plough shaft, beam and ploughshare are made of wood and the sickle, pick axe, plow are made of metal. To evaluate the genetic diversity of Ethiopian potato cultivars, and to assess their relationship with germplasm from North America, Europe and the International Potato Center (CIP), 8303 SNP markers were used to characterize 44 local Ethiopian cultivars, as well as . . The most important oilseed is the indigenous Niger seed (neug), which is grown on 50 percent or more of the area devoted to oilseeds. Adigrat University, College of Agriculture, Department of Animal Production and Technology, Adgrat, Tigray, Ethiopia Address: Adigrat University, P.O.Box 50 Abstract: Ethiopia is endowed with diverse cattle genetic resources adapted to various local environmental conditions and acquired unique features. Commercial Imports from the United States, Source: USDA/Foreign Agriculture Service, Addis Ababa, (Total market size = (total local production + imports) - exports). To promote commercial-scale farming, the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) created the Ethiopian Agricultural Land and Investment Administration Agency dedicated to overseeing any new large-scale commercial farm deals. Some of the land targeted for commercial development is considered marginal, prone to conflict, and/or has limited access to water. Our web pages use cookiesinformation about how you interact with the site. But with proper drainage and conditioning, these soils have excellent agricultural potential. These areas are used by pastoralists who move back and forth in the area following the availability of pasture for their animals. Citation: Kehali Jembere, Tekalign Mamo and Kibebew Kibret, 2017. During the same period (197387), population increased at an average annual rate of 2.6 percent (2.4 percent for 198087). In this regard, Ethiopia is looking to expand development efforts to fight land degradation and to reduce pollution; reduce Green House Gas (GHG) emissions; increase forest protection and development; increase production of electricity from renewable sources for domestic use and for export; and focus on modern and energy saving technologies. In 1971 the Ministry of Agriculture introduced the Minimum Package Program (MPP) to bring about economic and social changes. "Agriculture" (and subsections), updated with latest figures from the CSA. It focusses on Ethiopia and provides a broad overview of some of the key developments in agriculture. Between 1976 and 1985, the government constructed 600,000 kilometers of agricultural embankments on cultivated land and 470,000 kilometers of hillside terraces, and it closed 80,000 hectares of steep slopes for regeneration. Griddles, Ovens, and Agricultural Origins: An Ethnoarchaeological Study The sector is dominated by small scale farmers that - Course Hero ", Tables D.4 D.7. According to government statistics, there are approximately 50 million cattle, 50 million goats and sheep, plus an assortment of horses, donkeys, camels and chickens. The soil was equilibrated with pH 7.5 buffer solution whereby reserve H is brought into the solution, which results in depression of pH which will be made and . Agriculture - Ethiopian Statistics Service Grain imports are almost exclusively limited to wheat, nearly all of which the GOEs state-trading arm (i.e., Ethiopian Trading Business Corporation) purchases off the international market and later distributes in the local market at a subsidized price. The report includes the market size, recent trends, industry statistics, and analysis. Agron., 16: 180-195. . There may also be future opportunities for equipment and systems to process these commodities. areas like Punjab, Haryana and Chandigarh, elsewhere it is practiced on traditional lines. In addition, the ten-year development plan aims at boosting agricultural export revenues and substituting imports by reducing production costs. Agriculture is the country's most promising resource management. Export sales of U.S. cotton are expected as demand increases. The Homegrown economic reform plan identified structural and institutional bottlenecks affecting the agricultural sector in Ethiopia. Food as a most essential good 3 2.5. [18], Another new source for export revenue is the production of chat, an amphetamine-like stimulant which is consumed both inside Ethiopia and in adjacent countries, and which is considered a drug of abuse that can lead to mild to moderate psychological dependence. Rain-fed cotton also grew in Humera, Bilate, and Arba Minch. Foreign Direct Investment Attraction Events, Services for U.S. Companies New to Exporting, Services for U.S. Companies Currently Exporting, Leading Sectors for US Exports & Investments, Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Licensing Requirements for Professional Services, Improve income and livelihood options for farming and pastoral communities through increased productivity and competitiveness, Raise export of agricultural output and substitute imports, Make agriculture a viable and profitable enterprise through value addition, Enhance livestock health access and quality, Preserve animal genetic resources and increase pastoral research, Improve the development of animal feed and access to markets, Develop livestock specific extension package for each livestock type. Private . However, rural households are still faced with severe food insecurity and malnutrition. The high concentration of animals in the highlands, together with the fact that cattle are often kept for status, reduces the economic potential of Ethiopian livestock. ", Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research website, "National Growth and Transformation Plan", "Ethiopia's transforming wheat landscape: tracking variety use through DNA fingerprinting", "Press release: Rust-resistant bread wheat varieties widely adopted in Ethiopia, study shows CGIAR Research Program on WHEAT", "Livestock Sample Survey (AgLVS 2006), version 1.0", USGC Reps Meet With Ethiopian Feed Industry to Assess Market Barriers, "Ethiopia, 2013 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor", "Transhumance in the Tigray highlands (Ethiopia)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_Ethiopia&oldid=1140777650, This page was last edited on 21 February 2023, at 19:04. Ethiopia Agriculture Market Analysis - Industry Report - Trends, Size There is a functional relationship between the use of ove. Most of these crops are exported to generate foreign exchange. This site contains PDF documents. However, the removal of arable land for conservation projects has threatened the welfare of increasing numbers of rural poor. Ethiopia's major industries include agriculture, construction, manufacturing, resources and . 3. To make matters worse, during the 1972-74 drought and famine the imperial government refused to assist rural Ethiopians and tried to cover up the crisis by refusing international aid. The Government of Ethiopia (GOE) has embarked on a ten-year economic development plan (2021-2030) where agriculture is on the top of priority sectors. The General Characteristics of Ethiopia - GradesFixer Moreover, the emperor's inability to implement meaningful land reform perpetuated a system in which aristocrats and the church owned most of the farmland and in which most farmers were tenants who had to provide as much as 50% of their crops as rent. Farming In Ethiopia, Agriculture Crops, Livestock Veterinary Drug and Animal Feed Administration & Control Authority (VDAFACA), NationalAnimalHealthDiagnosticand InvestigationCenter(NAHDIC), Ethiopia Agricultural Business Corporation (EABC), International Trade Administration J. Challenges and prospects of agricultural production and productivity - GRIN [7], Ethiopia's estimated livestock population is often said to be the largest in Africa. Overall, the economic reform plan sets out required strategic interventions to increase agricultural productivity and modernization of agriculture in the next 10 years. In the case of the textile and apparel sector, a shortage of locally-produced cotton suggests a need for cotton imports, including from the United States. About three-quarters of the total sheep flock is in the highlands, whereas lowland pastoralists maintain about three-quarters of the goat herd. Ethiopias commercial red meat (beef, mutton and goat) industry has made remarkable progress to date and shows considerable growth potential for the future. Flaxseed, also indigenous, is cultivated in the same general area as Niger seed. [7], The objectives of villagization included grouping scattered farming communities throughout the country into small village clusters, promoting rational land use, conserving resources, providing access to clean water and to health and education services, and strengthen security. Crop and Livestock Product Utilization (Private Peasant Holdings . This government-led outreach, combined with low labor and electricity costs, has already yielded fruits with a number of Turkish, Indian, Chinese, Indonesian and other foreign firms opening businesses in Ethiopia in recent years. Potato is an increasingly important crop in Ethiopia, but the origin of local cultivars grown throughout the country is unknown. In fact, over 50% of the daily caloric intake of an average household is from wheat, sorghum, and corn. Where the topography permits, they are suitable for farming. Ethiopia's agriculture is plagued by periodic drought, soil degradation[1] caused by overgrazing, deforestation, high levels of taxation and poor infrastructure (making it difficult and expensive to get goods to market). [Pdf] Contribution of Agriculture in The Ethiopian Economy: a Time Ethiopia Socioeconomic Survey Wave1, 2011-2012. In Ethiopia 95% of the total area is cultivated by smallholder farmers and contribute 90% of the total agricultural output. Land Use Distribution and Change in Lake Tana Sub Basin -- 23. Ethiopia's agricultural sector has developed favourably over the past decade, but rapid population growth, limited access to fertile land, and volatile agricultural outcomes pose problems for the . Ethiopia aims to reach lower-middle-income status by 2025. A lock ( A locked padlock ) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. Nevertheless, Ethiopia's manufacturing sector is still far from being the engine of growth and structural change. For the later two Regions, estimated numbers vary greatly between conventional and aerial censuses, but total less than 15% of the non-nomadic Regions. Grains - Grains are the most important field crops and the main element in the diet of most Ethiopians. Facing a Foreign Trade AD/CVD or Safeguard Investigation? There are two predominant soil types in the highlands. It was also estimated that over 60 percent of the cultivated area was cropland. Agro-processing equipment (e.g. As the textile and apparel industry grows, there will likely be more opportunities for U.S. cotton sales. The Government of Ethiopia (GOE) has embarked on a ten-year economic development plan (2021-2030) where agriculture is on the top of priority sectors. Coffee grows wild in many parts of the country, although most Ethiopian coffee is produced in the Oromia Region (63.7%) and in the SNNPR (34.4%), with lesser amounts in the Gambela Region and around the city of Dire Dawa. PDF Ethiopian Cattle Genetic Resource and Unique Characteristics - IJSR Opportunities also exist for agricultural inputs and systems used to grow and process cotton into textile and apparel. It then continues in summarising the main specific characteristics of agriculture: The land use function, the supply and demand characteristics, the contribution of the agricultural sector to the provision of positive externalities and public goods, food as a unique and most essential good and agriculture as a key element for the development of . The clearing of land for agricultural use and the cutting of trees for fuel gradually changed the scene, and today forest areas have dwindled to less than 4% of Ethiopia's total land. 2. Excluding the Afar and Somali Regions, there were approximately 47.5 million cattle, 26.1 million sheep, 21.7 million goats, 2.1 million horses and mules, 5.6 million donkeys, 1 million camels, and 39.6 million poultry. [23], Ethiopia has great potential for increased livestock production, both for local use and for export. That is why per hectare yield of crop is . Peasant associations often were periodically compelled to redistribute land to accommodate young families or new households moving into their area. The AMC set quotas of grain purchases to be delivered by peasant associations and cooperatives and also bought from private wholesalers, who were required to sell half of their purchases at predetermined prices. Corn is grown chiefly between elevations of 1,500 and 2,200 meters and requires large amounts of rainfall to ensure good harvests. 2. With support from the African Development Banks agricultural Technologies for African Agricultural Transformation program. In early 1990, the government essentially abandoned villagization when it announced new economic policies that called for free-market reforms and a relaxation of centralized planning. The GOE imposes an export ban on cereal grain and local prices are often higher than what they are on the international market. [11], Another major component of the Derg's agricultural policy was the development of large-scale state farms. Despite this potential, however, Ethiopian agriculture has remained underdeveloped. Land Utilization (Private Peasant Holdings, Meher Season) 2020/21 (2013 E.C.) [7], Wheat stem rust threatens the Ethiopian harvest every year and recently that especially means Ug99. With respect to increasing productivity, the GOE, alongside its international partners, has made a number of interventions to support the development of the agriculture sector. A Review of Ethiopian Agriculture Roles Policy and Small Scale Farming The relationship between elevation, soil temperatures, soil chemical characteristics, and green coffee bean quality and biochemistry in southwest Ethiopia. The Blue Nile from Ethiopia originating form Lake Tana and the White Nile that originated form Lake Victoria merge into the Great Nile River at Khartoum, the Sudan capital to form the longest river of the world draining to the Mediterranean Sea.The Blue Nile Falls is one . Much of the food deficit was covered through food aid. At the moment, there are a few U.S. and foreign firms that have partnered with local companies in the milk business, which has considerable room for growth, as milk consumption is still very low. Mia MacDonald and Justine Simon (2010) Climate, Food Security, & Growth: Ethiopia's Complex Relationship with Livestock. "Roles of extension and ethno-religious networks in acceptance of resource-conserving agriculture among Ethiopian farmers." Ethiopia has an extremely diverse topography, climate, culture, population distribution and market access. [7], In 1984 the founding congress of the Workers' Party of Ethiopia (WPE) emphasized the need for a coordinated strategy based on socialist principles to accelerate agricultural development. Meat and milk yields are low and losses high, especially among calves and young stock. Ethiopia is well positioned because highland temperatures make it ideal for horticulture, the average wage rate is US$20 per month (compared to US$60 a month in India), the price of leased land is about US$13 per hectare, and the government has tremendously aided the entry of new businesses into this sector in recent years. [16] In 20062007 (the latest year available), exports of oilseeds accounted for 15.78% of export earnings (or million 187.4 Birr) and pulses 5.92% (or 70.3 million Birr). [7], Ethiopia's demand for grain continued to increase because of population pressures, while supply remained short, largely because of drought and government agricultural policies, such as price controls, which adversely affected crop production. (PDF) Agricultural systems in Ethiopia - Academia.edu According to Infomineo (2016), the key agricultural sectors in Ethiopia are the following: Coffee & tea; Ethiopia has a great potential for coffee production, thanks to the country's abundant rainfall, optimum temperatures, conducive altitude, and fertile soil. The anticipated growth in these subsectors could open niche opportunities for sales of U.S. grain and oilseed commodities in the future, as well as processing and storage equipment, such as feed mills and soybean extruders. In fact, Ethiopia recently started importing chicken meat from Ukraine and Brazil. Agricultural sample survey. Volume II, Report on livestock and Another study, of Dejen awraja (subregion) in Gojjam, found that land fragmentation had been exacerbated since the revolution. For this to happen, the government will need to guarantee sufficient allocations of foreign exchange. [7], Soil erosion has been one of the country's major problems. <i>Methods</i>. The agriculture sector is projected to grow at 6.2% per annum over the next ten years. The Ethiopian Government set up the Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP) to reach certain goals between 2011 and 2015. Brighter Green, 2. Agriculture dominates the Ethiopian economy, accounting for about 50 percent of its GDP and 82 percent of its employment. This paper analyzes and discusses how the newly adopted system is structured and operates, the characteristics of extension services, and the evaluation system employed in agricultural extension, and assesses the challenges and opportunities associated with the system. Sorghum and millet, which are drought resistant, grow well at low elevations where rainfall is less reliable. Many of the existing and anticipated increases in livestock production, as envisioned under the LMP, are linked to the consistent availability of quality livestock feed, animal genetics, and veterinary services. A major subsistence crop, barley is used as food and in the production of tella, a locally produced beer. Agriculture in the Lake Tana Sub-Basin of Ethiopia -- 24. What are the main characteristic of Ethiopian agriculture activities Before the revolution, large-scale commercial cotton plantations were developed in the Awash Valley and the Humera areas. An ethnoarchaeological study of highland Ethiopian griddle technology is compared to bread-baking technologies in Africa and the Near East. [7] In EFY 20072008, the CSA reported that 17,827,387.94 quintals of pulses were produced on 1,517,661.93 hectares, an increase from the 15,786,215.3 quintals produced on 1,379,045.77 hectares. By 1989, the area covered by the State Farms had grown to a total of 220,000 hectares. Ethiopia has previously imported cotton from various international suppliers.