One might think that if the distinction can be made, people are home free and the computer can produce an acceptable translation. They are classified as : The first four are grammatical and the last one lexical. Those which are easily recognizable include expressions which violate truth conditions. In his definition of translation equivalence, Popovic distinguished four types: Linguistic equivalence, where there is homogeneity on the linguistic level. Holden nevertheless does shoot people in his own way: when he is in this cynical frame of mind, he expends all of his mental energy denigrating the people around him. Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! Inter-language translation means substituting verbal signs of one language by verbal signs of another language, or switching from one language code to another one. Separation of meanings and senses from the context, Despairing individual behaviors in the face of an unmanageable future, Objection of the traditional thoughts and the traditional moralities. The second type of difficulty is distinguishing between various uses of a word of general vocabulary. We could think that The Catcher in the Rye is next to the classical humour (for example, two Mark Twai`s works: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. The Catcher in the Rye and J. D. Salinger were very popular among young people because his rich and fresh vocabulary, full of slangs, connected with the teenagers; in the Fifties, there were a lot of articles about The Catcher Cult. At this point in the novel, Holden's sense of disadvantage and corresponding bitterness seem somewhat strange, given his circumstances: he's clearly a bright boy from a privileged New York family. The main strategy used was the practical act of comparing the above-mentioned versions, focusing on the importance of Salingers writing style and use of language (already discussed in the first chapters), on discussing mainly the cases of misunderstandings and mistranslations, of problems of equivalence, of losses and gains, of linguistic untranslatability, of the translators visibility or invisibility in the TT, on accuracy in translation, adaptability, fidelity and faithfulness or infidelityall these cases seconded by examples in point and by my personal suggestions of other possible translations of certain (more challenging) words or passages from Salingers novel. He ran a tired hand through his hair.The word tired logically is linked with he, syntactically with hand. He feels guilty that he, who lives because he is not sick like Allie was, is inferior and stupid. Works Cited Salinger, J. D. The Catcher in the Rye. The main task of a translator is to remember and take into account all the difficulties of translation and render the authors thought as accurate as possible using different literal devices employed originally by the author. 48 Vitosha Boulevard, ground floor, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria Bulgarian reg. Practically, even identical words in different languages are not always equal in their meaning, they never correspond completely. . The conclusion is that the Romanian translation played an innovatory role and an influential one in the literary system of the native country by breaking the norms of the TL, in order to render the stylistic qualities of the ST, and by introducing the use of slang language into Romanian, as a new and alternative means of expression. ?>. It is not the specific items an expression contains but rather the meaning it conveys and its association with culture-specific contexts which can make it untranslatable or difficult to translate. the absence of the categories in one of the comparing languages; Even assuming monolingual disambiguation . This brief passage occurs in Chapter 3, after Holden has returned to his dorm room and is being pestered by Ackley. This can be done on diachronic level: Chaucers text is translated into modern English. . Focused on some of Holdens linguistic repetitions and their importance, as well as on Salingers humor and comic effects and their renditions in the two versions. The characters in J.D. What did Holden write Stradlater's composition about? What is a catcher in the rye and why does Holden want to be one? The point the authors trying to make is the pond itself becomes a minor metaphor for the world as Holden sees it, because it is partly frozen and partly not frozen. Metaphor is inherent in language. Modernist literature can be viewed largely in terms of its formal, stylistic and semantic movement away from Romanticism. So this book supposed a big phenomenon of sales during Fifties and Sixties; but today, in the XXI century, catch more supporters and it is still editing, there are a lot of editions in different languages. Phoniness, which is probably the most famous phrase from The Catcher in the Rye, is one of Holden's favorite concepts. Salinger uses much of the symbolism to show how the life of the characters has become happy. For intricate and unspoken reasons, seemingly stemming from Allie's death, Holden has trouble dealing with this kind of complexity. This is a case of leaving something unsaid which is nevertheless understood. Stylistic device that was used in the novel The Cather in the Ray written by J. D. Salinger is peculiar use of set expression which was used in the form of quotations the quotation could be easily identify in some chapters of the novel. There is another problem while translating the English text into Romanian. why does holden write the composition for stradlater . 2023. Who are the experts?Our certified Educators are real professors, teachers, and scholars who use their academic expertise to tackle your toughest questions. It is obvious from the start that Holden uses the hat as a mark of individuality and independence. Through experience it was learned that the consequences of wrong translations can be catastrophicespecially if done by laypersonsand mistakes made in the performance of this activity can obviously be irreparable. creating and saving your own notes as you read. Holden likes his writing and talks about how he likes his writing and he supports him. Slang should be distinguished from jargon, which is the technical vocabulary of a particular profession. The difficulties involved in translating an idiom are totally different from those involved in interpreting it. Pinned, Holden continues to insult Stradlater, accusing him of thinking he can have sex with anyone he wants. In the end can be concluded that the main Lexical translation problems are: Practically, stylistic devices in almost all languages are similar still though their functions in speech vary. Identical stylistic devices are used differently in languages; they perform different functions and have different value in stylistic system of their language what actually explains their necessity when transformations in translation occur. It is not important to classify the device itself but the point is to be able to realize their ongoing effect and to identify the purpose of their application in the translation they are working on. The well-known representatives of this period are Ernest Hemingway with his writings The Sun Also Rise and A Farewell to Arms.. In some places, the repetitions become even language errors, revealing Holdens natural, informal style: and how my parents were occupied and all before they had me, and all that David Copperfield kind of crap. Finally, Holden senses sometimes that the words he is using are not quite right, that language fails him: "I don't exactly know what I mean by that," he says at one point, "but I mean it." In The Catcher in the Rye, what do Holden and Stradlater fight over? Why wouldn't Holden be back to Pencey after Christmas vacation? Sometimes only one of those meanings is intended, depending on context, and sometimes multiple meanings are intended at the same time. In 1948 he published the critically-acclaimed story "A Perfect Day for Bananafish" in The New Yorker magazine, which became home too much of his subsequent work. Little Brown Books, New York: 1945. While most of Holden's confusion stems from what he interprets as a homosexual come-on from Mr. Antolini, some of it stems from the conversation they have. For example attempts to justify a theft usually explain the motives (e.g., to feed a starving family). Free trial is available to new customers only. Holden's younger brother, Allie, had died of leukemia several years before, and Allie was one of the few people about whom Holden has nothing bad to say. Stylistic (translational) equivalence, where there is `functional equivalence of elements in both original and translation aiming at an expressive identity with an invariant of identical meaning'. When he finally gets around to writing Stradlater's composition, he only. The author used the next kind of epithets grand people (J. D. Salinger: 8) which is a simple epithet because is used by an adjective and a noun. support@phdessay.com. I shoot people in this hat.. The theme of this thesis that would be discussed is Lexical peculiarities and translation difficulties in The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger and this theme was chosen in order to describe the lexical peculiarities used by the author and to make distinction in the types of translation difficulties and to identify them in this work. It is probably caused by conversion and easiness in formation of new words in various ways, heterogeneity of languages vocabulary and some other reasons. Other metaphors are occasionally constructed in individual speech. In 1951 Salinger released his novel, The Catcher in the Rye, an immediate popular success. [5:p.66-67]. So it can be consider that J. D. Salinger has a rich literary base and he becomes a kind of teacher for several big writers. The semantics of a word includes word perception characteristic to the studied language, being more precise to the bearers of the studied language. He is angry at life for being so unfair. Holden has issues with sex and manhood, and both are issues when he learns that Stradlater and Jane are going on a date. ); Intensification of a feature (simile, hyperbole, periphrasis). This phenomenon the connection of words with completely various semantic features is peculiar to all languages, but in each language it has various rules and traditions. One of the fist stylistic devices that were used by the author in his novel The Cather in the Ray is characters speech. The Catcher In The Rye Essay Throughout the book, The Catcher In the Rye, the theme that I saw reoccurring in the novel was the painfulness of growing up. You Have to Read in the course of. These two criterias identify the needs for a good knowledges in English in some of its branches of science. When Holden finally snaps and attacks his roommate, Stradlater easily overpowers him, and when he tries to seek refuge in Ackleys room, Ackley is so unpleasant that Holden cannot relax. There are many thorns that can mortify us during the translation process, whatever the nature of the text we face, and translators should be aware of them. When he finally gets around to writing Stradlater's composition, he only does it . can use them for free to gain inspiration and new creative ideas for their writing It is often subsumed under the general umbrella of 'relying on the context to disambiguate meanings', which, among other things, means using our knowledge of collocational patterns to decode the meaning of a word or a stretch of language. It has also expressed my belief that a literary translation should not compete with the original, its main task being that of recreating the same atmosphere and the same effect of the ST on the TT readers and to make the readers understand the original text no matter if they speak or do not speak the SL since it is said that a translation can even make native speakers of a language better understand a SL text. It may have various kinds of lexical meanings (lexical-semantic) variants; it may widen or narrow its meaning and make it more abstract or concrete. All authors agree that dictionaries are not always reliable tools in this sense. Holden has already demonstrated that he fears and does not know how to deal with conflict, confusion, and change. Stradlater had said the composition was supposed to be a simple description of a room, a house, or something similarly straightforward. It is very frequent when grammatical and lexical transformations demand supplementation or omission of some words or elements. The main difficulties involved in translating idioms and fixed expressions may be summarized as follows: Like single words, idioms and fixed expressions may be culture-specific. Such idioms lend themselves easily to manipulation by speakers and writers who will sometimes play on both their literal and idiomatic meanings. The writings of the Salinger become very important for this time period, because he goes against the grain of society to show how it is wrong. harmony in order to life, The Importance of Stradlaters Composition in the Catcher in the Rye. . (J. D. Salinger: 7). Let us know your assignment type and we'll make sure to get you exactly the kind of answer you need. In its broad meaning, the term impliestransmutationand can be illustrated by decoding some ideas and themes expressed, for example, in a poem through the language of music or dance. In. One of those little English jobs that can do around hundred miles an hour. Translation of these words depends on the context, which helps to identify their concrete meaning. Quotation). An idiom or fixed expression may have a similar counterpart in the target language, but its context of use may be different; the two expressions may have different connotations, for instance, or they may not be pragmatically transferable. But it is what we aim at. For most of the book, he sounds like a grumpy old man who is angry at the world, but his search for the ducks represents the curiosity of youth and a joyful willingness to encounter the mysteries of the world. The third type of difficulty is the need to be sensitive to total context, including the intended audience of the translation. The second point that would be investigated in this work is the translation difficulties which are presented through various types that would be in details discuss in this reseach paper. Let us help you get a good grade on your paper. He is best known for his book, Catcher in the Rye, a book about a seventeen-year-old teenager, struggling through his teenager years, falling into a depression and trying to understand the real world. J. D. Salinger used in his writing a lot of interjections that easily presented the feelings that feel the characters of the novel. The main representatives of this period are Ernest Hemingway, Sherwood Anderson, F. Scott Fitzgerald and the writer whose work would be treated in this thesis is J. D. Salinger with his well-known novel The Catcher in the Rye.. [14] There are several reasons for this difficulty. Other types are derivations from one of the other meanings that lead to a verb or activity. The conclusion is that the major themes, patterns and motifs that recur in Salingers fiction and develop into major and instantly recognizable archetypes, his trademarks, and at the same time a very clear indication of the very evolution of his writing technique, mainly refer to: The research has also led to the conclusion that the recurrent pattern of the letter or of the note plays a very well defined role in J. D. Salingers fiction and it is usually manifested through the characters repeated reading or memorizing of them in different (mostly difficult) situations. The terms 'explain' or 'explanation,' et cetera is frequently used in arguments. Holden is very afraid of growing up and is also afraid of the unknown. J. D. Salinger used the simple epithet pretty lousy (J. He has not published an original work since 1965 and has not been interviewed since 1980. . One difficulty in translation stems from the fact that most words have multiple meanings. The stylistic changes are as necessary as grammatical or lexical ones. Holden annoys Stradlater by writing the composition about a baseball glove rather than about a room or . An idiom or fixed expression may have no equivalent in the target language. I was wondering where the ducks went when the lagoon got all icy and frozen over. Catcher in the Rye - GCSE English - Marked by Teachers.com All Questions and Answers | Q & A | GradeSaver Taking into account the total context, including the intended audience and important details such as regionalisms. . Latest answer posted April 14, 2021 at 10:45:43 AM. But it can also be said that a more diversified way of translating the same linguistic structures may indicate a better adaptation to the TL, although the psychological effect on the readers of Holdens linguistic repetitions is not as strong as in the ST. Allie felt separate from his teammates while playing baseball. Youve successfully purchased a group discount. In The Catcher in the Rye, what does Holden mean when he says, "Don't ever tell anybody anything. I live in New York, and I was thinking about the lagoon in Central Park, down near Central Park South. His response makes sense, given what we already know about Holden: he prefers to retreat into his own imaginary view of the world rather than deal with the complexities of the world around him. Holden is angry at his family for coping with Allie's death, he is angry at the world for continuing when his little brother died. Words in languages have some definite relation characteristic only to the given language. - Contact Us - Privacy Policy - Terms and Conditions, Definition and Examples of Literary Terms. Much of Salinger's reputation, which he acquired after publication of The Catcher in the Rye, is derived from thoughtful and sympathetic insights into both adolescence and adulthood, his use of symbolism, and his idiomatic style, which helped to re-introduce the common idiom to American literature. In The Catcher in the Rye, how does Holden describe his mother? Yes, Holden agrees with Stradlater to write composition for him because he decided to make a deal with the society. Few linguists have endeavored to clearly define what constitutes slang. Holden is a 16-year-old boy who is struggling with the aftermath of his younger brother's death. Question: Why Does Holden Attack Stradlater - Livelaptopspec The types of the lexical peculiarities and their meanig would be pointed out in the context of this reserch paper. Question 3 60 seconds Q. The reader is intrigued by the dramatic aspect of the quarrel with Stradlater and hardly realizes that he is being cunningly conditioned to believe that Holden is capable of writing "The Catcher in the Rye," a book full of subtle observations about people and about life in general. You can view our. As it turns out, Ackley and Brossard have already seen the film, so the trio simply eats some burgers, plays a little pinball, and heads back to Pencey. Nevertheless such cases are not always losses in translation. Volume 17, The World book Encyclopedia, World Book Inc a Scott Fetzer Company Chicago London Sydney Toronto 1997; http://www.digischool.nl/ckv1/literatuur/salinger/salinger1.htm. Symbols are objects, characters, figures, or colors used to represent abstract ideas or concepts. In this chapter also would be tried to present and analyze certain passages from the Romanian versions of The Catcher in order to draw attention to certain problems that may occur in translation, especially when different cultures are involved. Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. I have also tried to briefly present the reception of the novel, the translations and solutions offered to the problems raised by Salingers use of colloquial language in other countries. In conclusion, there are countless symbols in The Catcher in the Rye. Perhaps Holden interacts with it with the innocence and the purity he believes with these characters represents and wears it as a way to connect to them. He also mentions that he is troubled by the fact that he has changed every time he returns to them. Throughout the novel The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger obtain numerous symbols that persist in the book. Educators go through a rigorous application process, and every answer they submit is reviewed by our in-house editorial team. Give her to me boy it was used for pointing out to the reader that Stradler with whom Holden discuss was a person that didnt pay attention to the persons beauty. The practical chapter will single out examples of translation difficulties from the sourse language English and target language Romanian. Selling the typewriter also allows Holden to establish that he is "loaded" with money because of his grandmother's generosity and can afford to spend several days and nights in Manhattan. Chapter 4-6 Flashcards | Quizlet The third problem is the use of bilingual dictionaries. He clearly identifies with those on the other side of the game, and he feels alone and victimized, as though the world is against him. "Aw, the World's a Crumby Place." Following the idea of transferring the jargon, its adopted an idiomatic translation: A translation strategy that consists of producing a target text that conforms to the conventions established in the target language and to the spontaneous form of expression commonly used by native speakers., This novel is one of the most famous American novels in the 20th century and is strongly bound to American society. Catcher in the Rye Essay In the novel The Catcher and the Rye by J. D. Salinger Holden believes childhood, and adulthood are completely different.